Development trends of sexual and asexual reproduction to be studied. Structure and functions of nucleus, mechanisms of cell division, mitosis and meiosis in plant reproduction. Sexual reproduction in flowering plants, emphasis on floral structure and functions (Gynoecium and Androecium), pollination, fertilization, seed and fruit formation, dispersal, seed germination, seed dormancy, mechanisms of breaking seed dormancy, physiological implications, conditions necessary for germination, seed storage and propagation. Asexual reproduction: clones, fission, spore formation, fragmentation. Vegetative propagation of horticultural tree crops. Current techniques in bud grafting and cutting. 45hrs (T), C